Winchester 1894 Production Dates and other Information

Many people have questions as to the date of manufacture or age of their Winchester Model 1894 and Model 94 rifles and carbines. There are a number of references, some with conflicting information. I am making this information available partially to save a copy for myself! It is up to the collector to use and properly interpret the information provided.

You can contact the Records Office of Cody Firearms Museum at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center. The Cody Firearms Museum holds the records of 3.5 million individual Winchester firearms and many LC Smith and Marlin firearms.

Information that may be in a record includes the date the gun was received into the warehouse, the configuration of the gun, and the date the gun shipped out. The company to whom the gun was sent may be available for very late Model 1873s and 1886s and most of the run of the Model 21. There are no records for the Models 42, 12, 54, or 70.

There is a charge for Factory Letter information but this and any other questions should be answered by contacting the Records Office.

Cody Firearms Museum Records Office
720 Sheridan Avenue
Cody, Wyoming 82414
307-578-4117
cfmrecords@bbhc.org
www.bbhc.org/firearms/records.cfm

Winchester 1894/94 Serial Number List
Determining date by serialization has become confusing as it has been determined by the staff of the Cody Firearms Museum that previous work by George Madis is incorrect. This is not due to the quality of work performed by Mr. Madis, but by the questionable data provided to him. The following list includes the data held at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody Wyoming (CFM) and the previously understood figures (Madis). It is up to the collector to make the best use of this data that they can.
1894 end of year serial number was 1674 (CFM), 14579 (Madis)
1895 end of year serial number was 14222 (CFM), 44359 (Madis)
1896 end of year serial number was 18571 (CFM), 76464 (Madis)
1897 end of year serial number was 33108 (CFM), 111453 (Madis)
1898 end of year serial number was 53941 (CFM), 147684 (Madis)
Any gun manufactured prior to January 1, 1899 is legally an Antique and is not affected by any federal regulations regarding the ownership or transfer of firearms.
1899 end of year serial number was 80148 (CFM), 183371 (Madis)
1900 end of year serial number was 103932 (CFM), 204427 (Madis)
1901 end of year serial number was 137058 (CFM), 233975 (Madis)
1902 end of year serial number was 168420 (CFM), 273854 (Madis)
1903 end of year serial number was 204565 (CFM), 291506 (Madis)
1904 end of year serial number was 249782 (CFM), 311363 (Madis)
1905 end of year serial number was 291706 (CFM), 337557 (Madis)
1906 end of year serial number was 331895 (CFM), 378878 (Madis)
1907 end of year serial number was 381524 (CFM), 430985 (Madis)
1908 end of year serial number was 429757 (CFM), 474241 (Madis)
1909 end of year serial number was 449102 (CFM), 505831 (Madis)
1910 end of year serial number was 479073 (CFM), 553062 (Madis)
1911 end of year serial number was 534429 (CFM), 599263 (Madis)
1912 end of year serial number was 591281 (CFM), 646114 (Madis)
1913 end of year serial number was 645304 (CFM), 703701 (Madis)
1914 end of year serial number was 722280 (CFM), 756066 (Madis)
1915 end of year serial number was 825186 (CFM), 784052 (Madis)
1916 end of year serial number was 840846 (CFM), 807741 (Madis)
1917 end of year serial number was 873425 (CFM), 821972 (Madis)
1918 end of year serial number was 882032 (CFM), 838175 (Madis)
1919 end of year serial number was 895365 (CFM), 870762 (Madis)
1920 end of year serial number was 926851 (CFM), 880627 (Madis)
1921 end of year serial number was 935778 (CFM), 908318 (Madis)
1922 end of year serial number was 951501 (CFM), 919583 (Madis)
1923 end of year serial number was 964709 (CFM), 938539 (Madis)
1924 end of year serial number was 974121 (CFM), 953198 (Madis)
1925 end of year serial number was 987148 (CFM), 978523 (Madis)
1926 end of year serial number was 997938 (CFM), 997603 (Madis)
1927 end of year serial number was 1012753 (CFM), 1027571 (Madis)
1928 end of year serial number was 1038665 (CFM), 1054465 (Madis)
1929 end of year serial number was 1060899 (CFM), 1077097 (Madis)
1930 end of year serial number was 1071420 (CFM), 1081755 (Madis)
1931 end of year serial number was 1079689 (CFM), 1084156 (Madis)
1932 end of year serial number was 1088141 (CFM), 1087836 (Madis)
1933 end of year serial number was 1092328 (CFM), 1089270 (Madis)
1934 end of year serial number was 1095364 (CFM), 1091190 (Madis)
1935 end of year serial number was 1099625 (CFM), 1099605 (Madis)
1936 end of year serial number was 1119104 (CFM), 1100065 (Madis)
1937 end of year serial number was 1158835 (CFM), 1100679 (Madis)
1938 end of year serial number was 1198405 (CFM), 1100915 (Madis)
1939 end of year serial number was 1216165 (CFM), 1101051 (Madis)
1940 end of year serial number was 1259563 (CFM), 1142423 (Madis)
1941 end of year serial number was 1313301 (CFM), 1191307 (Madis)
1942 end of year serial number was 1343183 (CFM), 1221289 (Madis)
1943 end of year serial number was 1343190* (CFM), 1267741* (Madis)
1944 end of year serial number was 1343196 (CFM), 1314193* (Madis)
1945 end of year serial number was 1352066 (CFM), 1360645* (Madis)
1946 end of year serial number was 1407097* (Madis)
1947 end of year serial number was 1453549* (Madis)
1948 end of year serial number was 1500000 (Madis)
1949 end of year serial number was 1626100 (Madis)
1950 end of year serial number was 1724295 (Madis)
1960 end of year serial number was 2469821 (Madis)
1963** end of year serial number was 2586000 (Madis)
1964*** end of year serial number was 2700000 (Madis)
1965 end of year serial number was 2894428 (Madis)
1966 end of year serial number was 2991927 (Madis)
1967 end of year serial number was 3088458 (Madis)
1968 end of year serial number was 3185691 (Madis)
1969 end of year serial number was 3284570 (Madis)
1970 end of year serial number was 3381299 (Madis)
1980 end of year serial number was 4892951 (Madis)
1981 end of year serial number was 5024957 (Madis)
1982 end of year serial number was 5103248 (Madis)
Estimate after 1982 by adding 100000 per year.
* Some serial numbers produced during and after World War II were not recorded. These serial number figures assume an equal number produced each year of these gaps in the record.
** 1963 saw the end of the classic Winchesters made with hand-finished cast parts.
*** 1964 began with 2700000 and ended with 2797428. Numbers 2586001 through 2699999 were not used.
Website
http://www.bbhc.org/firearms/
http://armscollectors.com/sn/winlookup.php

Correction to Kennedy's Information
The following Corrections to David Kennedy's data given about are submitted by:
TexasBear10@netscape.net
7/10/2010

The information by David Kennedy and posted here are of great value to Winchester collectors and the following corrections should in no way take away from his valuable work. He is now aware of this error and has not had time to make a correction. He just assumed that the tables published by others were taken from Madis information.

The dates attributed to Madis by Kennedy do not agree with those in Madis' books: The Winchester Book & Winchester Handbook. They do agree with the dates in Schwing, Pirkle (and most "Others") books & tables. The differences are:

1894: 1674 (CFM); 14579 (attributed to Madis, really "Others" 14759 (actual Madis)
Notice the transposing of the "57" and "75" in these dates? Which is correct?

Then in 1933 the dates attributed by Kennedy to Madis start varying from what is published in his books, and by 1936 take a major deviation:

1933: 1092328 (CFM), 1089270 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,089,271 (actual Madis)
1934: 1095364 (CFM), 1091190 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,091,192 (actual Madis)
1935: 1099625 (CFM), 1099605 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,099,608 (actual Madis)
1936: 1119104 (CFM), 1100065 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,112,194 (actual Madis)
1937: 1158835 (CFM), 1100679 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,138,781 (actual Madis)
1938: 1198405 (CFM), 1100915 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,169,370 (actual Madis)
1939: 1216165 (CFM), 1101051 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,197,211 (actual Madis)
1940: 1259563 (CFM), 1142423 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,238,584 (actual Madis)
1941: 1313301 (CFM), 1191307 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,287,648 (actual Madis)
1942: 1343183 (CFM), 1221289 (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,317,830 (actual Madis)
1943: 1343190* (CFM), 1267741* (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,348,192 (actual Madis)
1944: 1343196 (CFM), 1314193* (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,378,554 (actual Madis)
1945: 1352066 (CFM), 1360645* (attributed to Madis, really "Others") 1,408,916 (actual Madis)

*Some serial numbers produced during and after World War II were not recorded. These serial number figures assume an equal number produced each year of these gaps in the record.
Also, the numbers given by Kennedy, attributed to Madis, for 1951 - 1962 are those given by "Others," not Madis.


Bert Hartman, a moderator on Gunbroker's "Ask the experts" for many years, has spent for the past 5 years at least two weeks a year with a volunteer at the Cody Museum of Firearms research room.  This is is what he says.

"A bored mind is a terrible thing to waste, so having some free time to kill, I finally put together a fact sheet on the true production ratios and the verified DOMs for the Winchester Model 1894/94.

As many of you will undoubtedly note, the figures I have compiled below vary significantly from the numbers published by George Madis in his tomes "The Winchester Book" and "The Winchester Handbook". All of my statistical numbers were derived from a detailed survey (conducted by the Cody Firearms Museum) of the first 353,999 serial number records, and from the Polishing Room Serialization Record Books (held by the Cody Firearms Museum).

Unfortunately for all of the many collectors and interested people, all of the remaining pre-64 factory warehouse records (serial numbers 354,000 - 2,600,000+ were destroyed in a fire in the late 1950s or early 1960s. Undoubtedly, all of the caliber, and the Rifle versus Carbine production number ratios would change drastically if the records were available for serial numbers 354,000 - 2,600,298. The Polishing Room Serialization Record Books (PRSRBs) which contain nothing more than just the serial number, fortunately survive up to serial number 1,352,066, which was manufactured on December 29th, 1945.

For all of the many people who collect the Model 1894/94, this information should be both very enlightening and useful, and I highly encourage everyone to save a copy of it.

Production ratios for the first 353,999 Model 1894s made:

4:5 (78.19%) were Rifles (276,780)
1:5 (21.20%) were Saddle Ring Carbines (75,075)

1:2 (45.92%) was a 30 W.C.F. (162,568)
1:5 (22.80%) was a 38-55 (80,734)
1:9 (11.31%) was a 32-40 (40,023)
1:9 (10.45%) was a 25-35 W.C.F. (36,999)
1:11 (8.77%) was a 32 W.S. (31,050)

1:13 (7.60%) were Take Down Rifles (26,934)

9:10 (91.6%) had a full length magazine (324,270)
1:13 (7.51%) had a 1/2 magazine (26,579)
1:688 (0.15%) had a 2/3 magazine (515)
1:770 (0.13%) had a 3/4 magazine (459)
Just (1) gun had a 7/8 magazine

1:20 (5.02%) had a shotgun butt (17,768)
1:584 (0.17%) carbines had rifle butt plates (606)
1:1655 (0.06%) had a Swiss butt plate (209 rifles, 5 carbines)
1:3308 (0.03%) rifles had carbine butt plates (107)

1:26 (3.88%) rifles had pistol grip stocks (13,703)
1:34 (2.97% had checkered stocks (10,512)
1:718 (0.14%) carbines had pistol grip stocks (493)
1:4023 (0.025%) had carved stocks (81 rifles, 7 carbines)
1:9567 (0.01%) had a cheek piece (37)

1:69 (1.46%) had a double-set trigger (5,153)
1:70800 (0.0014%) had a single set trigger (5)

1:3026 (0.033%) were nickel plated (117)
1:3978 (0.025%) were silver or gold plated (89)

1:668 (0.15%) were inscribed (530)
1:998 (0.10%) were engraved (355)
Just (1) gun had a matted receiver (on the frame ring)

1:1744 (0.057%) had a matted barrel (200 rifles, 3 carbines)
1:3000 (0.033%) rifles had interchangeable barrels (TD) (118)

1:2255 (0.044%) had a case hardened receiver (155 rifles, 2 carbines)

1:88500 (0.0011% had a factory installed scope (4)
Just (1) rifle had a factory installed Maxim silencer (Teddy Roosevelt’s)

(2067) records are blank
(184) were sold as receivers only

Serial number 53,941 is the last “Antique” number based on the information in the Polishing Room records.

For the years 1894 through 1945, the DOMs published by George Madis (and copied/republished by nearly every other reference book or internet website) do not agree with the original surviving factory records (the factory warehouse ledgers and the PRSRB records), and they are inaccurate by nearly four years in the 1896 - 1914 timeframe.

Winchester began producing Model 94s at an accelerated pace starting in 1935. By the end of the year 1935, Madis' published DOM list and the PRSRB records only differ by just (17) serial numbers (1099625 versus 1099608), but they rapidly begin to diverge in the ensuing years.

Winchester's production of the Model 94 averaged about 35,000 units per year for the next (7) years (1936-1942 inclusive), and once again, Madis’ published numbers diverge from the PRSRB records. The PRSRB records end at serial number 1,352,066, which is listed as the last Model 94 serial number recorded on December 29th of 1945.

Following WW II, Winchester averaged approximately 100,000 Model 94s per year from 1946 - 1953, then about 55,000 per year through 1963. The numbers I have listed below are estimates that are based on my research survey, and they should not be relied upon to determine an "exact" DOM.

1946 ended at circa serial number 1,411,000
1947 ended at circa serial number 1,470,000
1948 ended at circa serial number 1,560,000
1949 ended at circa serial number 1,660,000
1950 ended at circa serial number 1,760,000
1951 ended at circa serial number 1,875,000
1952 ended at circa serial number 1,960,000
1953 ended at circa serial number 2,045,000
1954 ended at circa serial number 2,100,500
1955 ended at circa serial number 2,156,000
1956 ended at circa serial number 2,211,500
1957 ended at circa serial number 2,267,000
1958 ended at circa serial number 2,322,500
1959 ended at circa serial number 2,388,000
1960 ended at circa serial number 2,453,500
1961 ended at circa serial number 2,510,000
1962 ended at circa serial number 2,564,500
1963 ended at circa serial number 2,600,300

Winchester changed the designation from "Model 1894" to "Model 94" very shortly after a "Change in Manufacture Order" was issued by Frank F. Burton on February 2nd, 1919.

The following list contains verified Model 1894 dates based on the factory warehouse ledgers (held by the Cody Firearms Museum). The actual DOMs listed in the PRSRB will typically precede the "received in warehouse" date by an average of 4-weeks.:

EDIT: I recently added a very significant number of new serial numbers to this list. It should now very clearly show the progression of verified dates of manufacture. I do not plan to add any additional new serial numbers to the list on this post. That said, I am still updating my personal database survey with additional verified numbers. If anyone would like to contribute to the survey, please send me a PM.

Serial*** Received Date
22 - 10-20-1894
61 - 11-27-1894
90 - 12-7-1894
136 - 11-1-1894 (1st Takedown received)
137 - 11-14-1894
139 - 11-14-1894
165 - 12-8-1894
170 - 11-2-1894
204 - 12-1-1894
257 - 11-13-1894
266 - 11-12-1894
309 - 11-6-1894
338 - 1-5-1895
563 - 11-21-1894
603 - 11-22-1894
604 - 11-23-1894
624 - 12-10-1894
679 - 11-24-1894
734 - 2-2-1895
814 - 12-8-1894
832 - 2-16-1895
988 - 12-10-1894
1296 - 12-26-1894
1368 - 12-29-1894
1673 - 2-4-1895
1835 - 3-5-1895 (1st engraved)
2465 - 8-12-1895
3314 - 5-29-1895 (1st 30 W.C.F.)
3559 - 4-26-1895
4176 - 4-18-1895
4598 - 6-10-1895
4762 - 6-29-1895
5014 - 7-18-1895 (1st 25-35 W.C.F.)
5044 - 8-1-1895
5047 - 9-6-1895
5579 - 9-13-1895
5860 - 8-29-1895
6506 - 10-3-1895
7566 - 10-17-1895
11020 - 12-10-1895
12356 - 3-26-1896
12695 - 11-4-1896
12962 - 7-30-1896
12970 - 5-21-1897
13135 - 4-14-1896
14311 - 7-28-1896
15315 - 6-29-1896
15332 - 8-7-1896
15488 - 10-9-1896
16259 - 10-31-1896
16400 - 10-26-1896
16582 - 10-3-1896
17819 - 3-11-1897
17862 - 12-16-1896
20041 - 3-11-1897
20492 - 8-30-1901
22905 - 6-5-1897
25762 - 10-13-1897
26639 - 10-1-1897
26831 - 9-10-1897
27056 - 10-26-1897
27122 - 10-27-1897
27158 - 3-4-1902 (1st 32 W.S.)
28202 - 10-25-1897
32192 - 3-24-1898 (Factory engraved)
32246 - 1-27-1898
35925 - 12-9-1899
38802 - 4-20-1898
39555 - 7-20-1898
46056 - 8-13-1898
46821 - 8-30-1898
46831 - 9-19-1898
46882 - 12-22-1900
47142 - 9-15-1898
47176 - 9-23-1898
47431 - 9-29-1898
47856 - 10-20-1898
48116 - 10-22-1898
48468 - 10-15-1898
48466 - 10-15-1898
49796 - 12-28-1898
49809 - 11-10-1898
49980 - 12-19-1898
50840 - 9-13-1899
50909 - 11-17-1898
***********
54160 - 9-8-1899
59367 - 5-23-1899
59668 - 5-22-1899
60584 - 4-4-1899
60879 - 4-17-1899
61710 - 5-8-1899
62652 - 5-12-1899
63274 - 8-3-1899
64043 - 8-10-1899
64406 - 8-19-1899
64872 - 9-1-1899
65056 - 10-18-1899
66200 - 8-25-1899
67776 - 9-26-1899
67952 - 9-19-1899
69622 - 10-10-1899
70126 - 10-19-1899
70788 - 10-20-1899
71479 - 11-4-1899
71560 - 11-1-1899
73342 - 7-3-1900
74059 - 11-24-1899
77924 - 3-29-1900
78333 - 9-12-1900
79036 - 1-8-1900
84801 - 3-24-1900
85249 - 8-9-1900
85741 - 4-24-1900
85816 - 6-20-1900
85930 - 7-7-1900
86623 - 7-24-1900
87767 - 9-1-1900
88624 - 7-2-1900
89924 - 12-28-1900
96641 - 1-8-1901
96800 - 1-9-1901
97581 - 4-25-1901
97869 - 11-2-1900
98829 - 3-1-1901
99126 - 12-7-1900
100621 - 8-3-1901
100955 - 2-4-1901
100994 - 3-11-1901
106970 - 2-25-1901
107731 - 10-5-1901
109921 - 5-25-1901
108346 - 6-1-1901
111524 - 4-2-1901
112916 - 4-24-1901
113997 - 5-18-1901
115623 - 10-22-1901
116570 - 7-29-1901
118828 - 10-5-1901
118446 - 8-6-1901
119046 - 8-2-1901 (18-inch Trapper Carbine)
119244 - 9-3-1901
119959 - 2-5-1902
120238 - 8-20-1901
122029 - 9-27-1901
122466 - 10-24-1901
124883 - 10-17-1901
125858 - 10-7-1901
128249 - 3-10-1904
128693 - 3-11-1902
131170 - 11-15-1901
131497 - 11-19-1901
136647 - 1-31-1902
139319 - 12-13-1902
139676 - 3-14-1902
142899 - 5-10-1902
145358 - 7-29-1902
145643 - 7-21-1902
146235 - 9-2-1902
150670 - 8-29-1902
152631 - 10-6-1902
154488 - 10-16-1902
154905 - 9-17-1902
155354 - 10-25-1902
156875 - 10-17-1902
164526 - 12-16-1902
165264 - 12-11-1902
167894 - 2-24-1903
168355 - 5-29-1903
168865 - 2-10-1903
176427 - 5-23-1903
176792 - 4-17-1903
177990 - 5-1-1903
180787 - 6-12-1903
182665 - 7-20-1903
186261 - 7-24-1903
187561 - 8-17-1903
189302 - 11-3-1903
190079 - 8-28-1903
199578 - 12-5-1903
203012 - 1-11-1904
203606 - 1-9-1904
203617 - 12-30-1903
206055 - 3-4-1904
206175 - 2-1-1904
216183 - 6-21-1904
222901 - 3-30-1905
225852 - 7-2-1904
226254 - 12-19-1908
227057 - 7-15-1904
235840 - 9-20-1904
239193 - 10-27-1904
240596 - 5-9-1905
244142 - 8-23-1905
249157 - 12-24-1904
249665 - 5-8-1905
250113 - 2-5-1906
256862 - 4-28-1905
257652 - 4-11-1905
259195 - 4-22-1905
260056 - 7-15-1905
261228 - 9-5-1905
261408 - 8-29-1905
265717 - 8-12-1905
274317 - 8-24-1905
274648 - 3-21-1906
275004 - 10-7-1905
276723 - 9-25-1905
277476 - 10-25-1905
280853 - 10-22-1906
282746 - 4-25-1906
288514 - 1-30-1906
299679 - 4-2-1906
301737 - 4-1-1907
302051 - 9-26-1906
303891 - 5-18-1906
304600 - 7-21-1906
309409 - 3-13-1908
311943 - 8-11-1906
311946 - 8-31-1906
313571 - 9-14-1905
314210 - 8-30-1906
314870 - 9-11-1906
318034 - 10-6-1906
324134 - 1-9-1907
324386 - 11-24-1906
324596 - 1-8-1907
325531 - 5-20-1907
326869 - 8-20-1907
327349 - 12-12-1906
330989 - 1-5-1907
335602 - 2-2-1907
336447 - 3-16-1907
337827 - 2-26-1907
340492 - 3-7-1907
353136 - 6-20-1907
353512 - 11-4-1907

Significant serial numbers;

1,000,000 was engraved and presented to President Calvin Coolidge in 1927
1,500,000 was presented to President Harry S. Truman on May 8th, 1948
2,000,000 was presented to President Dwight Eisenhower in 1953
2,500,000 was assembled in 1961
3,000,000 was assembled in 1970

All told, by January of the year 1980, 5,200,000 Model 1894/94 Rifles, Carbines, and Commemoratives had been manufactured at Winchester’s New Haven factory.

As I was going through some of the recently posted questions on the forum, I realized that I had neglected to address the dates and serial numbers for the introduction of the various calibers... the following list should help rectify that.

edit: I received a request concerning when and what the first Saddle Ring Carbine (SRC) was, so I have added this new information;

38-55 Rifle - serial number 24, 10-22-1894
38-55 Carbine - serial number 46, 3-36-1895 (by serial number order)
38-55 Carbine - serial number 471, 11-1-1894 (by date order)

32-40 Rifle - serial number 692, 12-14-1894
32-40 Carbine - serial number 1409, 1-18-1895

30 W.C.F. Rifle - serial number 3314, 5-29-1895
30 W.C.F. Carbine - serial number 4787, 6-24-1895

25-35 W.C.F. Rifle - serial number 5014, 7-18-1895
25-35 W.C.F. Carbine - serial number 6506, 10-1-1895

32 W.S. Rifle - serial number 107731, 10-5-1901
32 W.S. Carbine - serial number 22967, 8-27-1902 (by serial number order)
32 W.S. Carbine - serial number 142889, 5-10-1902 (by date order)


The above information should allow anyone with a letterable Model 1894 (serial 1 - 353999) to very closely estimate the DOM. For those who are interested in adding your Model 1894 to my database, please get in touch with me at Win1885@msn.com

Additionally, Winchester did not assemble any of the many different models in serial number order.
When the receivers were serialized and polished, they went into large bins and were sent to the finishing room (were they were blued).
After being blued, the receivers were sent into the Assembly Room (in bins) and were then assembled into complete firearms in complete random order.
In some cases, the bins were refilled before the bin was completely empty, and that left on older serial numbered receiver on the bottom of the bin for months, and sometimes a few years."